The input end of the charging pile is directly connected to the AC grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug for charging the electric vehicle. Charging piles generally provide two charging methods: conventional charging and fast charging. People can use a specific charging card to swipe the card on the human-computer interaction interface provided by the charging pile to perform corresponding charging operations and cost data printing. The display screen of the charging pile can Display data such as charging capacity, cost, charging time, etc.
Construction requirements
As the electric vehicle charging pile (bolt) on the power distribution side of the power grid, its structure determines that the characteristics of the automatic communication system are many and scattered measured points, wide coverage, and short communication distance. And with the development of the city, the network topology requires a flexible and scalable structure. Therefore, the selection of the communication mode of the electric vehicle charging pile (bolt) should consider the following issues:
(1) Communication reliability – the communication system must withstand the test of harsh environment and strong electromagnetic interference or noise interference for a long time, and keep the communication smooth.
(2) Construction cost – under the premise of satisfying the reliability, comprehensively consider the construction cost and the cost of long-term use and maintenance.
(3) Two-way communication – not only can realize the upload of information volume, but also realize the release of control volume.
(4) Multi-service data transmission rate——With the continuous growth of terminal business volume in the future, the communication between the main station and the sub-station, and the sub-station to the terminal requires higher and higher data transmission rates to realize multi-service.
(5) Flexibility and scalability of communication – because charging piles (bolts) have the characteristics of many control points, wide areas and decentralization, standard communication protocols are required. With the development of “ALL IP” network technology trends As well as the continuous growth of power operation business, IP-based service bearer needs to be considered, and at the same time, it is required to facilitate installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance.
Skills requirement
AC
AC charging pile (bolt) technical requirements
1. Environmental requirements
① Working environment temperature: -20℃～+50℃;
② Relative humidity: 5% to 95%;
③Altitude: ≤1000m;
④ Installation location: outdoors;
⑤ Earthquake resistance: ground level acceleration 0.3g;
Ground vertical acceleration 0.15g;
The equipment should be able to withstand three continuous sine waves at the same time, and the safety factor should be greater than 1.67;
2. Structural requirements
① The housing of the AC charging pile (bolt) should be firm;
② The structure must prevent hands from easily touching the exposed parts;
③ The AC charging pile (bolt) should adopt a steel composite structure with a thickness of 1.0 or more, and the surface should be treated with plastic dipping, and the heat dissipation requirements should be fully considered. The charging pile (bolt) should have a good shielding function against electromagnetic interference;
④ Charging piles (bolts) should have sufficient support strength, and necessary facilities should be provided to ensure correct lifting, transportation, storage and installation of equipment, and anchor bolt holes should be provided;
⑤ The bottom of the pile (bolt) body should be fixedly installed on a base not less than 200mm above the ground. The base area should not be larger than 500mm×500mm;
⑥ The shell of the pile (bolt) body should be made of materials with strong impact resistance, good anti-theft performance, and anti-aging;
⑦ The shell of non-insulating material should be reliably grounded;
3. Power requirements
① Input voltage: single-phase 220V;
② Output power: single-phase 220V/5KW;
③ Frequency: 50Hz±2Hz;
④ The allowable voltage fluctuation range is: single-phase 220V±15%;
4. Electrical requirements
① After the correct connection between the plug and the socket is confirmed successfully, the switchable circuit with load can be closed to realize the power supply to the socket;
② The leakage protection device should be installed on the incoming side of the power supply cable;
③ The protection of low-voltage power distribution equipment and lines shall meet the relevant regulations in the “Code for Design of Low-Voltage Power Distribution” (GB/50053);
④ For IT system power distribution lines, when the ground fault occurs for the first time, the insulation monitoring device should send out a sound or light signal, and when the second out-of-phase ground fault occurs, the overcurrent protection device or leakage current action protector should be used Cut off the faulty circuit;
⑤ In the lighting distribution system, the lighting and socket circuits should not be powered by the same circuit. The power supply side of the socket circuit should be equipped with a residual current action protection device with a rated operating current of 30mA;
5. Safety protection function
① The AC charging pile (bolt) should be equipped with an emergency stop switch, which can stop charging in an emergency by manual or remote communication;
② The AC charging pile (bolt) should have the leakage protection function on the output side;
③ The AC charging pile (bolt) should have output side overcurrent and short circuit protection functions;
④ AC charging pile (bolt) should have flame retardant function;
6. IP protection level
The AC charging pile (bolt) should comply with IP54 (outdoor), and be equipped with necessary rainproof and sunscreen devices;
7. Three defenses (anti-moisture, anti-mildew, anti-salt spray) protection
The printed circuit boards, connectors and other circuits in the charger should be treated with anti-moisture, anti-mildew, and anti-salt spray. The requirements of Table 9 in “Fog” enable the charger to operate normally in an outdoor environment with humidity and salt mist;
8. Anti-rust (anti-oxidation) protection
The iron casing of the charging pile (bolt) and the exposed iron brackets and parts should take double-layer anti-rust measures, and the non-ferrous metal casing should also have an anti-oxidation protective film or anti-oxidation treatment;
9. Wind protection
The charger installed on the platform and the exposed parts should be able to withstand the invasion of relative wind speeds in different regions and at different heights specified in Table 9 of GB/T 4797.5-9 “Natural Environmental Conditions for Electrical and Electronic Products, Precipitation and Wind”;
10. Anti-theft protection
The electric pile (bolt) shell door should be equipped with an anti-theft lock, and the bolts fixing the AC charging pile (bolt) must be installed or removed after opening the shell door;
11. Temperature rise requirements
The AC charging pile (bolt) operates continuously at the rated load for a long time, and the temperature rise of the internal heating components and parts should not exceed the requirements in Table 2 of Q/GDW 397\2009;
12. Mean time between failures (MTBF)
MTBF should not be less than 8760h;
13. The installation vertical inclination does not exceed 5%;
14. The installation site of the equipment must not have explosive hazardous medium, and the surrounding medium does not contain harmful gases and conductive medium that corrode metals and damage insulation
DC
a) Charging pile (bolt) power supply input voltage: three-phase four-wire 380VAC±15%, frequency 50Hz±5%;
b) The charging pile (bolt) should satisfy the charging object;
c) The output of the charging pile (bolt) is direct current, and the output voltage meets the battery standard requirements of the charging object;
d) The maximum output current meets the charging requirements of the battery standard 1C of the charging object, and is backward compatible;
e) The charging method is divided into conventional and fast charging methods, the conventional charging method is 5 hours, and the fast charging method is 1 hour (choose for different battery types);
f) Realize intelligent IC management;
g) Each charging pile (bolt) has its own operator for the user to choose the charging method and guide the operation, and display the battery status of the electric vehicle and the user’s IC card tariff information to achieve unmanned management;
h) The interface of the charging pile (bolt) shall comply with the relevant provisions of the DC charging interface in GB/TXXXXXXX electric vehicle conductive charging interface (temporary);
i) The communication interface of the charging pile (bolt) adopts the CAN communication interface, and the communication protocol is implemented in accordance with the provisions of the communication protocol (provisional) between the battery management system of electric vehicles and off-board chargers in GB/TXXXXXXXX (the charging object is lithium battery electric vehicles) ;
j) The charging pile (bolt) should have corresponding alarm and protection functions for the abnormal state during the charging process;
k) The charging pile (bolt) should monitor the state of the battery, and automatically adjust according to the temperature of the battery, the voltage to the charging curve, the charging current, and the charging voltage;
l) The charging pile (bolt) adopts forced air cooling;
m) The protection level of the charging pile (bolt) complies with the IP54 requirements of “GB 4208-1993 Enclosure Protection Level (IP Code)”;
