“Fishing and light complementarity” can not only realize efficient use of water surface and increase clean energy production capacity, but also improve the quality and efficiency of aquatic products, promote the development of ecological agriculture and increase farmers’ income. In recent years, my country’s “fishery-light complementary” industry has developed rapidly. However, due to problems such as the lack of breeding species and the weak construction technology of breeding facilities, the basic research of “fishery-light complementary” is still in a blank state. It needs to be studied from the perspective of industrial ecology Carry out systematic research, fully consider the synergy, matching and complementarity between fishery production and photovoltaic power generation, establish an aquaculture technology system according to the requirements of green aquaculture, and at the same time strengthen relevant policy guidance and planning layout, and simultaneously explore ponds and seas. Complementary” model, to contribute to the realization of the “two carbon targets”.
“Fishing and light complementarity” is in full bloom
“Fishing and solar complementarity” refers to the combination of fish farming and photovoltaic power generation. An array of photovoltaic panels is erected above the water surface of the fish pond. Fish and shrimp can be cultivated in the water below the photovoltaic panels. A new power generation model that can generate electricity on the top and raise fish on the bottom.
In 2012, the country’s first “fishing-light complementary” photovoltaic power station was built in Jiangsu and connected to the grid. It was mainly built on the aquaculture pond. Xiang Reservoir and Changhe Reservoir “Fishing Solar Complementary” project is the largest “Fishing Solar Complementary” power generation project that has been put into operation in China. The total investment of the project is 1.8 billion yuan, the total water area is 299.47 hectares, and the total installed capacity is 200MW. The average annual power generation capacity reaches 220 million kWh, and all the power generated by the project is connected to the national grid. The owner’s annual electricity sales income is about 240 million yuan, and the annual fishery income can reach 13 million yuan. In the southwestern region, the “Fishing and Photovoltaic Complementary” photovoltaic power generation project in Laibin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is under construction. It is located in Lianhuatang Reservoir and Tiexiang Reservoir, covering an area of 400 hectares. Laibin Binhui Comprehensive Energy Service Co., Ltd. invested 1.5 billion yuan in construction , with a total installed capacity of 300MW, the project has entered the land use planning stage in 2020.
In recent years, my country’s photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation has increased by leaps and bounds. However, due to the large land area occupied by ground photovoltaic power plants, the development of ground photovoltaic power plants will be limited by land resources as the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation continues to rise. However, my country’s inland water area is relatively large, including lakes with an area of
Cross-border integration of clean energy and aquaculture
Some experts said that “complementary fishing and light” can not only realize the cross-border integration of my country’s clean energy and aquaculture, but also greatly increase the value output per unit area of
From the perspective of energy utilization, the “Fishing and Photovoltaic Complementary” model adopts a green and clean energy—solar energy. Solar energy is a typical modern renewable energy, which is clean and ecological, and has abundant reserves. The “Fishing and Photovoltaic Complementary” photovoltaic power station directly converts solar energy into electrical energy, reducing dependence on mineral resources such as oil and coal, which meets the requirements of the national ecological civilization construction and the sustainable development strategy.
From the perspective of practical application, first of all, through the “fishing and light complementary” model, solar generators are built on the surface of ponds, lakes, and reservoirs, so that fish farming in ponds and solar power generation can be combined in space, making full use of space resources. Secondly, during the production process, the installation of photovoltaic modules can reduce the water surface temperature to a certain extent, especially in southern China, which can prevent the loss of aquaculture caused by high water temperature, and is conducive to improving the growth and feeding of fish. Traditional aquaculture only obtains aquaculture products and has a single source of income. Through the three-dimensional comprehensive development of large-scale ponds, the efficiency of resource utilization is improved, and the comprehensive income of farmers is increased.
As of the end of 2020, my country’s cumulative installed capacity of renewable energy has reached 934 million kW, accounting for 1/3 of the world’s total installed capacity of renewable energy, especially wind power and photovoltaics. More than half of the new installed capacity of photovoltaics. The large-scale development of renewable energy in my country has also effectively promoted the development of new energy technologies represented by wind power and photovoltaics, making global renewable energy, especially wind power and photovoltaics, the new main energy source.
Compared with traditional aquaculture and traditional land-based photovoltaics, “fishing-photovoltaic complementarity” has unique advantages. During its operation, it does not affect the power generation of photovoltaic panels or aquaculture, enabling farmers to achieve the goal of increasing production and income. In particular, photovoltaic panels have a blocking effect on sunlight, which changes the breeding environment and is conducive to the growth of high-quality varieties such as blue crabs, sand shrimps, soft-shelled turtles, river crabs, yellow catfish, and sand pond snakeheads.
People in the industry believe that photovoltaic power generation is an economical and affordable way of generating electricity, but traditional photovoltaics are placed on land and occupy a large amount of land resources, which gradually slows down the development of the photovoltaic industry. It can save land resources and increase social power supply.
Policies promote the development of “complementary fishery and light”
“Fishing and solar complementarity” has created powerful synergies, including water resource protection, aquatic product production, ecosystem improvement, and economic benefits from power generation. However, the basic research on “fishing-solar complementarity” is still in a blank state. It is still necessary to combine industry, education and research to study the industrial characteristics, system structure, environmental response mechanism of “fisher-photonic complementarity”, as well as the material balance between the industrial system and the natural ecosystem. Energy exchange and metabolic processes, optimization and regulation methods, and engineering construction models to achieve efficient and harmonious development of industrial systems, etc.
“Fishing and photovoltaic complementarity” was first built on freshwater aquaculture ponds. After years of development, a set of feasible complementary models for aquaculture and power generation has basically been formed. But at the same time, there are problems such as non-standard construction, low operating efficiency and high construction cost in the “fishing and photovoltaic complementary” facility system. For example, there are generally three main losses in solar photovoltaic power loss, namely inverter loss, transformer loss and photovoltaic array loss. How to effectively reduce the waste of photovoltaic power needs to be solved by engineering means. In addition, how to solve the increase in biochemical oxygen demand and environmental pollution caused by adding feed in the “fishing and light complementary” farming system also needs to be solved through engineering technology. At the same time, it is necessary to develop production mechanization technologies and special equipment such as feeding, pesticide application, fishing, and photovoltaic cleaning. Experts suggest that it is necessary to establish a “fishing and light complementary” technical system and formulate corresponding national and industry standards.
My country’s “fishing and photovoltaic complementary” industry is developing rapidly. However, due to the constraints of the lack of breeding species and the weak construction technology of breeding facilities, the overall technical level of “fishing and photovoltaic complementary” is low, the breeding efficiency is not high, and the pollution of breeding waters in photovoltaic areas It still exists and does not meet the requirements of the green development of aquaculture. It is necessary to carry out systematic research from the perspective of industrial ecology, fully consider the synergy, matching and complementarity between fishery production and photovoltaic power generation, and establish an aquaculture technology system according to the requirements of green aquaculture. In addition, experts suggest that while developing “complementary fishing and photovoltaic”, we can focus on science education in the photovoltaic industry, increase the popularization of photovoltaic power generation knowledge, advocate low-carbon life, promote the sharing of scientific and technological resources and the socialization of science popularization work.
Experts said that as of 2020, the national aquaculture area will be 7.0361 million hectares, of which the pond aquaculture area will be 2.6254 million hectares. From the perspective of project construction difficulty and cost, it is more appropriate to build “fishing and light complementary” facilities on aquaculture ponds. The eastern coastal area of
“Fishing and solar complementarity” is the new development direction of the photovoltaic industry and aquaculture industry in the future. Currently, the global floating photovoltaic industry is in the stage of accelerated development. Experts suggest that relevant departments in our country should actively grasp the new opportunities for industrial cooperation, give full play to their advantages in technology and cost, participate in global market competition deeply, and demonstrate our country’s mature experience in project development and construction. At the same time, the Chinese government can strengthen relevant policy guidance and planning layout, promote the cultivation of key markets through intergovernmental cooperation, create favorable conditions for the development of “complementary fishery and photovoltaic” projects, and contribute to the realization of the “two carbon goals”.
