With the application and popularization of photovoltaic power generation technology, the use of solar energy can be seen everywhere in people’s production and life. Sunshine is clean, safe, and harmless, greatly facilitating people’s lives and bringing convenience to them. Solar photovoltaic systems do not need to transfer heat energy, directly realizing the conversion of light energy. It has the characteristics of long service life, reliable operation, cleaning, and grid connection operation. The solar power generation system consists of solar cells, batteries, inverters, and controllers. Its structure is complex and its operation is difficult. Therefore, studying the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic systems can solve the existing problems in the current operation, which is conducive to the promotion of photovoltaic power generation technology.
1.Overview of photovoltaic power generation
Energy is the wheel that drives economic development. Non renewable resources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are the main energy structure for the progress of human civilization. With the rapid development of human society, the demand for non renewable energy is increasing. Excessive development and use, as well as unreasonable maintenance, have caused global environmental pollution and resource depletion. Solar cells are a clean energy source that has no pollution, is widely distributed, and has unlimited reserves. Scientists call it the most ideal green resource in the world and the first choice for human development and utilization of new energy. The basic ways to develop solar energy resources are: first, to convert solar energy into thermal energy by using photothermal conversion; The second is to use photovoltaic arrays to indirectly convert solar energy into electrical energy through a confluence device. So far, photovoltaic power generation has become the most important way to develop and utilize solar energy. Since the 1980s, the photovoltaic industry has become one of the rapidly developing emerging industries worldwide. From a worldwide perspective, the development and utilization of renewable resources is receiving increasing attention, and the development market of the photovoltaic industry will also be broader.
2.Problems in operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation system
2.1 Impact on tidal current distribution
Due to the impact of external environments such as temperature and solar radiation, the output power of traditional photovoltaic systems is prone to change and has a floating characteristic. But change is regular. Generally sunny days, with strong photovoltaic power generation capacity, the system can operate normally; When the weather is cloudy, the system power is low. During the operation of photovoltaic power supply, due to the impact of these characteristics, it will have a negative impact on the distribution network. Traditional distribution networks are radial in shape, with power directly connected to user terminal modules. The application of photovoltaic power generation systems is equivalent to increasing the number of power supplies in the distribution network, making the power flow distribution more complex, prone to backflow problems, and the distribution network voltage also increases.
2.2 Impact on power quality
Power quality is an important factor that affects the power quality of distribution networks. Generally speaking, the loading point of the system is unstable, and the voltage decreases with the power flow. However, in the case of complex power flow conditions, when using photovoltaic power generation, once reverse current problems occur, the transmission power will decrease, leading to an increase in load voltage, which in turn leads to voltage offset. Photovoltaic power generation, as the core link of the distribution network, its development trend will change, and its autonomy is difficult to control.
3.Optimization Measures for Operation and Maintenance of Photovoltaic Power Generation System
3.1 Optimization of photovoltaic modules
3.1.1 Cleaning of photovoltaic modules
Solar modules directly absorb solar energy, so they are often exposed outdoors and accumulate a large amount of dust during prolonged operation. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly clean photovoltaic modules to ensure that they are clean, prevent dust, and reduce the absorption of solar energy by photovoltaic modules. The increase in fugitive dust not only reduces the conversion efficiency, but also causes overheating and spontaneous combustion of solar panels. Currently, there are four common cleaning methods: manual cleaning of components, manual water washing, engineering vehicle cleaning, and robot cleaning. Manual cleaning of modules utilizes the electrostatic effect of special materials to adsorb dust on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Easy to use, but improper pressure control can easily damage photovoltaic modules. The cleaning efficiency of photovoltaic modules under specific water pressure is much higher than manual cleaning. Construction vehicles have high cleaning efficiency and obvious effects, but the cost is relatively high. The cleaning process fully utilizes the advantages of artificial intelligence to achieve operations in complex environments and improve work efficiency, but requires increased flexibility in specific operations.
3.1.2 Regular maintenance of photovoltaic modules
Due to significant differences in the ground environment and the accumulation speed of substances such as dust, a reasonable maintenance plan should be developed based on the actual situation. The dust accumulation of solar modules and the integrity of solar panels are key points of maintenance. Specific maintenance measures have been formulated for specific seasons and special natural disasters to ensure the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.
3.2 Generation and avoidance of hot spots
Due to long-term maintenance of solar cells, hot spots may occur in special environments. During the cleaning process, dust accumulation or blockage can prevent photovoltaic devices from absorbing solar radiation, thereby preventing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. As the temperature of the shielding layer continues to rise, the surface of the shielding layer is damaged, forming hot spots. Through continuous research and analysis of solar modules, it is found that there are two situations with solar modules. One is internal resistance, and the other is the low current of the battery itself. In general, remove dust or other objects from the photocell at the source to reduce damage caused by hot spots. It is also necessary to understand the internal and reverse current status of the battery or improve the functionality of its components in order for the battery to work effectively. In addition, by improving cleaning capabilities and increasing the use of robots, more obstacles can be removed and the occurrence of heat spots can be reduced.
3.3 Operation and maintenance of controllers and inverters in photovoltaic systems
Controllers and inverters are important components of photovoltaic systems and are also key components that require maintenance. During maintenance, attention should be paid to: 1) There should be obvious warning signs on the controller. 2) Regularly inspect the wiring terminals between controllers. If there is rust or corrosion, it should be treated immediately. 3) High voltage fuses must have specified standards. 4) In the controller, when there is a DC output power supply, the positive and negative poles of the bus can be connected. When repairing the converter, it is necessary to ensure the integrity of its connections, and promptly handle dust, rust, corrosion, and other issues in the structure. When the temperature changes caused by special weather, corresponding measures should be taken to keep the alarm signs intact and clear. 5) If the inverter stops working and the corresponding reason cannot be found, the equipment should be photographed and recorded, and the maintenance work should be completed through communication with the manufacturer. In addition, keep the inverter clean, handle different wiring situations, and control the temperature to ensure stable operation of the inverter.
3.4 Improving voltage regulation methods
Photovoltaic power generation can improve voltage regulation equipment and alleviate grid connection problems while improving voltage regulation equipment. Due to the complexity of voltage regulation in distribution networks, technicians are required to analyze the operating status and characteristics of different nodes, while considering the scale of the building and the external environment, and develop corresponding photovoltaic power generation design strategies.
The distribution network scientifically distributes the line voltage by adjusting the transformation ratio to reduce deviations and prevent exceeding the power supply range. During the application process, technicians need to debug the transformer to intervene in the photovoltaic power supply. And real-time monitoring of the line operation status, multiple adjustments to the transformation ratio, and repeated operations have achieved the desired results. In some distribution network systems where pressure regulation is not possible, adjustments need to be made by technical personnel. When the voltage is unbalanced, other types of transformers should be replaced, and equipment with load stabilizing function should be selected to enable it to withstand voltage adjustable loads to achieve the required speed and range. Due to the impact of solar light and radiation intensity on the output of solar photovoltaic power supplies, the output power gradually increases and the line flow decreases. Adjust the wiring position of the PV power supply repeatedly, observe the voltage variation range, and make it within a reasonable error range to ensure the stability of the entire distribution network.
3.5 Strengthen lean operation and maintenance management of photovoltaic power stations
3.5.1 Adjust the operation mode of photovoltaic power stations to reduce the auxiliary power consumption rate
The overall compensation of the power factor is consistent with the power of the photovoltaic power station, and the overall operation mode of the corresponding reactive power compensation equipment is set to ensure that the relevant design is completed within the entire operation time. At the same time, the overall design makes it conform to the actual use requirements, so as to reduce the existence of related work, ensure the operation effect, and avoid the occurrence of related losses. To ensure the overall improvement of construction quality, vacancies should be reasonably filled in the actual operation process to maximize the actual needs of project development.
3.5.2 Reasonably arrange maintenance time for photovoltaic power stations to reduce power generation losses
Considering the particularity of photovoltaic power stations, relevant regular treatment is required to achieve maximum weeding and cleaning. At the same time, comprehensive maintenance should be done to prevent related issues from affecting the actual work quality, ensure the overall effect of sunlight, and maximize the actual use needs.
3.5.3 Establish an intelligent monitoring platform
For the current specific design and operation, it is necessary to improve the relevant data intelligent monitoring platform. Regularly manage and operate relevant volt-ampere curves to ensure the smooth progress of relevant work. At the same time, conduct drone patrols and design clamp meters to effectively identify related inefficient components, eliminate defects, and maximize related power generation.
Conclusion
In summary, photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of clean, pollution-free, renewable, low cost, and stable operation. It is very important to do a good job in the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic systems. This article analyzes the internal components of photovoltaic power generation systems and precautions for operation and maintenance of various equipment, which can greatly reduce the failure rate and promote the application of photovoltaic technology systems.
