In the context of energy conservation and emission reduction, photovoltaic power generation has become an inevitable trend in the future development of the industry. The output of photovoltaic products has increased year by year, according to the statistics of China’s photovoltaic Industry Association, since 2016, the total export of China’s photovoltaic main products (silicon wafers, cells, photovoltaic modules) has continued to rise. In 2019, the export value of photovoltaic products in the country was US $20.78 billion, once again exceeding US $20 billion. Using photovoltaic power generation technology characteristics to build photovoltaic pavement. Photovoltaic pavement is a cross-border technology, involving road engineering, photovoltaic new energy, intelligent vehicles and other fields. It can not only carry out solar photovoltaic power generation, to meet the needs of electric vehicles, but also intelligent, to meet the future development of “smart transportation”. Photovoltaic pavement uses the existing road structure, does not occupy additional land, pollution-free emissions, and has far-reaching significance for energy conservation and emission reduction, green development, and improved energy utilization. Photovoltaic road power generation is the use of clean, efficient renewable energy – solar energy, it is not only energy saving, no pollution to the environment, its installation is simple, no wires and good economy, one-time investment lifetime benefit. This is the advantage of photovoltaic pavement, and the advantages of photovoltaic power generation are further utilized and released. Based on the analysis of the technical characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, a photovoltaic pavement model is established to convert light energy to electricity and store light energy to maximize green energy.
1. Analysis of the development trend of photovoltaic materials industry
Photovoltaic power generation is a new type of power generation
system that uses the photovoltaic effect generated by semiconductor materials to generate electricity, and uses sunlight radiation as an energy source to convert it into electrical energy. According to different semiconductor materials, the materials are mainly divided into crystalline silicon solar power generation, concentrated solar power generation and thin film solar power generation. In terms of single crystal cells, in 2019, the advantages of global battery header enterprises are particularly obvious, and aspects such as production capacity, technology and cost have been relatively controlled. According to PVInfolink’s data, the total output of the world’s top 10 battery companies reached 73.35GW. The research of a new generation of crystalline silicon technology undoubtedly maximizes the utilization of crystalline silicon materials and penetrates them into many fields such as energy development and transportation.
2. Application of photovoltaic power generation in the field of new energy vehicles
On December 28, 2017, the world’s first highway photovoltaic road test section was officially opened to traffic in Jinan, Shandong province, with a total length of 1120 meters, becoming China’s first “charging treasure” photovoltaic road combined with new energy vehicles. The construction of this road is to solve the problem of in-process charging technology for new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles can only travel 100-200 kilometers after a saturated charge (about 10 hours or so). The scarcity of the number of charging piles in China makes the charging of new energy vehicles a major problem. Technological breakthrough, let us see the role of photovoltaic power generation technology in new energy vehicle charging and development prospects. With China’s strong support for the research and development of new energy vehicles, more and more enterprises are deeply studying the power mileage of new energy vehicles. The electric mileage of vehicles is mainly affected by batteries, and factors such as electronic control, motor, quality and wind resistance of new energy vehicles also have an impact on the electric mileage.
3. Photovoltaic pavement
3.1 Photoelectric conversion principle of photovoltaic pavement
Solar photovoltaic pavement is a new multi-functional pavement that uses solar photovoltaic power generation layer to replace the traditional asphalt or cement concrete pavement, or directly lays solar photovoltaic power generation layer on the existing asphalt or cement concrete pavement surface as the surface layer, which is fundamentally different from the traditional asphalt and cement concrete pavement. Its surface layer not only needs to meet the traffic function requirements of high-speed safe driving, but also needs to have the green traffic and intelligent traffic function of efficient use of solar power generation.
3.2 Design of photovoltaic pavement
Photovoltaic road surface is a very challenging and promising road traffic technology, the use of photovoltaic energy information interaction, photovoltaic power generation engineering and road engineering combined to achieve the functional integration of road bearing and power generation, and then as a platform to achieve the energy and information interaction between vehicles. In order to ensure the normal and high efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation project, the photovoltaic pavement is placed in the emergency lane of the highway with a width of 3.00 meters, and the pavement structure (power generation layer, protective layer and insulation layer) is fully considered. First, transparent anti-slip protective layer – transparent concrete. In 2001, Hungarian architect Alon Rosonich combined concrete with optical fibers and developed a translucent concrete material, a new light-transmitting material, by studying light transmission through concrete. Transparent concrete is a quantitative light guide material such as optical fiber implanted in the concrete matrix under a certain arrangement combination, so that the optical fiber and other light guide material can conduct light and receive light in the backlight of the human eye, which is the complete production process of transparent concrete. This kind of transparent concrete is based on optical fiber as a light guiding material, but its production process is cumbersome and its bonding performance with concrete is poor, so it is used in the application of photovoltaic pavement. This paper mainly uses the pre-planting method to apply light-permeable concrete, and uses concrete as the skeleton and optical fiber as the main material to form the emergency lane of the photovoltaic pavement on the expressway. The grinding of the surface makes the road surface more rough than the ordinary road surface, and it is not easy to reflect. Make the driving vehicle and the road surface produce greater friction, effectively prevent the vehicle in bad driving conditions, such as sudden skidding, emergency braking rollover and other emergencies. At the same time, it also has excellent pressure resistance and can carry the dynamic load generated by various heavyweight vehicles when they drive through. It provides a more comfortable and safe driving environment for drivers, and greatly reduces the incidence of high-speed road accidents in our country. The second is the photovoltaic power generation control layer – photovoltaic glass. The photovoltaic power generation layer is located under the light transmission anti-slip protective layer to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation structure is not damaged by the dynamic load of the vehicle and ensure that the road power generation work continues. Its main structure includes: photovoltaic power generation panel, controller, battery and various auxiliary materials. Solar modules (also known as solar panels) are the core part of the photovoltaic power generation system and the most important part of the photovoltaic power generation system. Through the operation of transparent concrete in the sun, the principle of photoelectric effect is used to convert solar energy into electricity, which is transmitted to the battery and the nearby base station for power storage through the battery controller under the transmission of the circuit, or to promote the load work, which is the power generation structure of photovoltaic power generation panels. The third is the waterproof connection layer – insulation layer. Composite materials such as tempered glass, concrete plate and polymer plate are used to isolate the water and the power generation layer to prevent the current from being exposed, and the electricity generated by the power generation layer is collected and distributed centrally. In summary, photovoltaic panels have a high conversion rate for sunlight and low reflectivity. It has a very high mechanical degree under the influence of very destructive bad weather, and keeps the structure stable without deformation. At present, in the market of photovoltaic panels, its main component material: ultra-white rolled glass accounts for about 80% of the market share, and is one of the best application materials for photovoltaic circuits.
4. Application of photovoltaic power generation
4.1 Energy Interaction
There is energy conversion in the power generation process of photovoltaic pavement, which is converted from solar energy to electric energy. Its energy conversion uses the basic device, solar cells, to convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. The conversion between light and electricity allows us to make full use of natural resources to obtain energy that benefits us. For the North, this energy comes into play. In the northern region, snow and ice often cover the ground in winter, and traffic accidents such as tire skidding and rollover are easy to occur when vehicles are driving on the road. Using the principle of photovoltaic road surface, the moment of absorbing light energy and converting it into electricity, it can not achieve 100% photoelectric conversion, and can only be converted with 85% efficiency. In addition, 15 percent of the energy is converted into heat and exists between the pavement structures. Melt the ice and snow on the surface of the road and protect the internal structure from erosion by extremely low temperatures. The exchange of three kinds of energy of photovoltaic road surface will undoubtedly maximize the utilization of energy, and protect the road structure and protect the safety of vehicles.
4.2 Information Exchange
In the age of the Internet, information interaction is everywhere. Whether it is the information interaction between people or the information interaction between animals, it is carried out between two ontologies. In the photovoltaic energy conversion, there is also such information interaction. Information interaction refers to the process of sending and receiving information. There is a relationship between power generation by light and solar photovoltaic pavement and pavement. The transmission of information sources, electrical and thermal receivers receive and communicate, and maintain a balance in the transmission. At the same time, photovoltaic road surfaces rely on the establishment of information interaction with the Internet, through the photovoltaic road positioning system can be accurately positioned, through the Internet can be timely feedback on road vehicles driving conditions, traffic flow data. Realize information transparency, check and balance each other in the transmission, wireless transmission on the network.
5. Conclusion
With the introduction of a number of relevant supporting policies by the government, the photovoltaic industry has gradually risen, and the popularity of new energy vehicles has made the maximum use of green energy and greatly reduced the pollution of automobile exhaust on our environment. Photovoltaic technology is gradually maturing, keeping up with the further benign and sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry in the future, and gradually developing to industrialization and scale. The continuous improvement of the technical level of photovoltaic products and the continuous reduction of costs will increasingly become one of the pursuits of enterprises. However, the progress of technology is still the main goal of the future development of China’s photovoltaic industry. Consolidate and develop the leading photovoltaic technology in China’s power generation industry, open the door to new energy development with high-quality photovoltaic technology, and meet a new round of rejuvenation and development.
