The principle of wind power generation is to use wind power to drive the windmill blades to rotate, and then increase the speed of rotation through the speed increaser to drive the generator to generate electricity. According to windmill technology, it is about three meters per second breeze speed (the degree of breeze) to start generating electricity.
Wind power generation is becoming a trend in the world, because wind power generation has no fuel problem, and does not produce radiation or air pollution.
Wind power generation is very popular in Finland, Denmark and other countries; my country’s wind power industry has developed by leaps and bounds in recent years. Small wind power generation systems are very efficient, but it is not composed of only a generator head, but a small system with a certain technological content: wind turbine + charger + digital inverter. The wind turbine consists of a head, a rotor, a tail, and blades. Each part is very important, and the functions of each part are: the blades are used to receive wind power and convert it into electrical energy through the head; the tail makes the blades always face the direction of the wind to obtain the maximum wind energy; the rotor can make the head rotate flexibly to realize the function of adjusting the direction of the tail; the rotor of the head is a permanent magnet, and the stator winding cuts the magnetic lines to generate electricity.
Because the wind volume of wind turbines is unstable, the output is 13-25V alternating current, which must be rectified by a charger and then charged to the battery to convert the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine into chemical energy. Then use an inverter with a protection circuit to convert the chemical energy in the battery into 220V AC power to ensure stable use.
Mechanical connection and power transmission The horizontal axis fan blades are connected to the universal elastic coupling through the gearbox and its high-speed shaft to transmit the torque to the drive shaft of the generator. This coupling should have good absorption damping and vibration characteristics, which is manifested as absorbing the appropriate amount of radial, axial and certain angle offsets, and the coupling can prevent the overload of the mechanical device. The other type is a direct-drive fan blade that is directly connected to the motor without a gearbox.
Wind turbines are power machines that convert wind energy into mechanical work, also known as windmills. Broadly speaking, it is an energy-utilizing machine that uses the atmosphere as a working medium.
Nacelle: The nacelle contains the key equipment of the wind turbine, including the gearbox and generator. Maintenance personnel can enter the nacelle through the wind turbine tower. To the left of the nacelle is the wind turbine rotor, i.e. the rotor blades and shaft. Rotor blades: catch the wind and transmit it to the rotor shaft. On a modern 600 kW wind turbine, each rotor blade measures about 20 meters in length and is designed much like an airplane wing. Shaft: The rotor shaft is attached to the wind turbine’s low-speed shaft. Low-speed shaft: The wind turbine’s low-speed shaft connects the rotor shaft to the gearbox. On a modern 600 kW wind turbine, the rotor speed is quite slow, about 19 to 30 revolutions per minute. The shaft contains ducts for the hydraulic system to activate the operation of the aerodynamic brakes. Gearbox: To the left of the gearbox is the low-speed shaft, which increases the speed of the high-speed shaft to 50 times that of the low-speed shaft.
High-speed shaft and its mechanical brake: The high-speed shaft runs at 1,500 revolutions per minute and drives the generator. It is equipped with an emergency mechanical brake for use in the event that the aerodynamic brake fails or when the wind turbine is being repaired. Generator: Often called an induction motor or asynchronous generator. On modern wind turbines, the maximum power output is usually between 500 and 1500 kilowatts.
Yaw device: The nacelle is turned with the help of an electric motor so that the rotor is facing the wind. The yaw device is operated by an electronic controller, which can sense the wind direction through a wind vane. The yaw of the wind turbine is shown. Usually, the wind turbine will only yaw a few degrees at a time as the wind changes its direction.
Electronic controller: Contains a computer that constantly monitors the status of the wind turbine and controls the yaw device. To prevent any malfunction (i.e. overheating of the gearbox or generator), the controller can automatically stop the rotation of the wind turbine and call the wind turbine operator via a telephone modem.
Hydraulic system: Used to reset the wind turbine’s aerodynamic brakes. Cooling element: Contains a fan to cool the generator. In addition, it contains an oil cooling element to cool the oil in the gearbox. Some wind turbines have water-cooled generators.
Tower: The wind turbine tower carries the nacelle and rotor. Generally, a tall tower has an advantage because the higher it is off the ground, the greater the wind speed. The tower height of a modern 600 kW wind turbine is 40 to 60 meters. It can be a tubular tower or a lattice tower. Tubular towers are safer for maintenance personnel because they can reach the top of the tower through an internal ladder. The advantage of lattice towers is that they are cheaper.
The advantages of wind power generation systems mainly include the following:
1. Renewable energy: Wind energy is a renewable energy source that is inexhaustible and helps to alleviate the problem of tight power supply. It is considered to be the most important new energy source in the 21st century.
2. Environmentally friendly and clean: Wind power generation does not pollute the environment and does not emit carbon dioxide and other harmful gases during use. Therefore, it is a clean energy source that is very friendly to the environment.
3. Flexible installed capacity: Wind power generation has a flexible installed capacity. It can be built in shallow seas or beaches. It will not occupy a large area of
4. Short construction period: It takes a short time to build a wind turbine and it can be put into use quickly in a short time. Even a single device can be operated first.
5. Alleviate the impact of bad weather: Wind power generation helps to alleviate the impact of other bad weather. The presence of wind power generation equipment is conducive to reducing the impact of local wind power, thereby reducing the negative impact of weather such as strong winds and blowing sand, and reducing the probability of sandstorms. Not only that, in the dry northwest region, wind power generation equipment plays an important role in enhancing the wind power of the southeast wind, which can promote the advancement of warm and humid air currents, thereby increasing precipitation in the area and alleviating drought problems.
6. High stability: Wind power generation has strong stability and a low probability of failure. Even if a failure occurs, the maintenance process is relatively simple.
7. Economic benefits: Although the construction and installation of wind power generation facilities require a high initial investment, wind power generation can provide relatively low energy costs in long-term operation. In addition, since there is no need to purchase fuel, wind power generation can reduce fuel prices and supply risks.
8. Adjustability: Wind power generation systems can usually generate energy on demand. Although the intensity and time of the wind cannot be directly controlled, through reasonable planning and operation management, energy supply can be balanced when wind power fluctuates.
9. Power decentralization: Placing multiple wind turbines over a large area can achieve decentralized energy generation and reduce dependence on centralized power plants. This helps improve energy security and reduce transmission losses.
10. Wide application potential: Wind power is an environmentally friendly, sustainable and cost-effective energy option with wide application potential. However, its availability is still limited by factors such as geographical conditions, wind speed and land requirements.
